Search results for "social behaviour"

Time-resolved classification of dog brain signals reveals early processing of faces, species and emotion

2020

Dogs process faces and emotional expressions much like humans, but the time windows important for face processing in dogs are largely unknown. By combining our non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG) protocol on dogs with machine-learning algorithms, we show category-specific dog brain responses to pictures of human and dog facial expressions, objects, and phase-scrambled faces. We trained a support vector machine classifier with spatiotemporal EEG data to discriminate between responses to pairs of images. The classification accuracy was highest for humans or dogs vs. scrambled images, with most informative time intervals of 100–140 ms and 240–280 ms. We also detected a response sensitive…

Mirror neurons : physiological requirement for emotional empathy and social and moral behaviour of human and nonhuman primates

2018

Fil: Claramonte Sanz, Vicente. Universitat de València. Departament de Filosofia. Área de Lògica i Filosofia de la Ciència; España. Claramonte Sanz, V. (2018). Las neuronas espejo: presupuesto fisiológico de la empatía emocional y de las conductas sociales y morales en primates humanos y no humanos. Metatheoria, 8(2), 15-22. A partir de la evidencia científica y los análisis debidos a los estudios de investigadores como Rizzolatti, Sinigaglia, Galle-se, Goldman, Iacoboni, etc., este artículo argumenta que el vínculo entre neuronas espejo y empatía emocional resulta corroborado por los estudios de Neurociencia sobre la actividad perceptiva y las reacciones emocionales. En particular, con las…

Estimative Power as a Social Sense

2020

The estimative power has been widely discussed in modern scholarly literature. This chapter complements the existing picture by analysing medieval Latin views concerning its role as the explanans of the social behaviour of humans and other animals. Although medieval authors rarely focus on this function, the chapter shows that the estimative power plays an important explanatory role both in philosophical psychology and political philosophy.

Análisis de las propiedades psicométricas del Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire en adolescentes colombianos

2021

Abstract Background/objective: Decision-making is a set of skills useful for daily functioning which allow people to perform their tasks and control objectives and goals, generating responses to the environment’s demands from their resources. Research and intervention with adolescents require reliable instruments to assess decision-making. The Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire (MDMQ) is an instrument that assesses decision-making styles and has been successfully validated in different cultural contexts. This study analysed the psychometric properties, construct validity (factorial, convergent, and discriminant), and predictive validity of the MDMQ in Colombian adolescents. Method: A c…

Relationship between Prosocial Behaviours and Addiction Problems: A Systematic Review.

2022

The relationship of addiction problems with other pathologies or with different problematic factors has often been studied by psychology. Positive psychology is also currently approaching to these problems and their relationship with positive factors, such as prosocial behaviours. The purpose of this research is to carry out a systematic review of the scientific literature that has studied this relationship from 1900 to 2020. After the screening process with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 15 articles were selected. The main characteristics found in this relationship and the problems or limitations of investigations that have found relationships other than the mainstream, w…

The effect of scents on the territorial and aggressive behaviour of laboratory rats

1992

The majority of works found in the literature mention odours as an important factor in the development of social lines and the unleashing of aggressive behaviour, but very few authors have studied more deeply the role that these odours play, how they influence behaviour and what importance the variations of these marks of identity may have. In the present work we analyse social relations presented by laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus, Wistar breed) in seminatural conditions, with special reference to behaviours of dominance, territorialism and aggressiveness, and the importance that these marks of odour play on these behaviours. For this purpose, different individuals (from the established…

Vērtību saistība ar prosociālas uzvedības un ziedošanas tendencēm

2019

Pētījuma mērķis bija noskaidrot, vai pastāv saistības starp vērtībām, prosociālu uzvedību un ziedošanas tendencēm. Pētījumā piedalījās 104 respondenti vecumā no 17 līdz 58 gadiem, no kuriem 84 bija sievietes un 20 vīrieši. Lai atbildētu uz pētījuma jautājumu, tika izmantotas 3 aptaujas: Portreta vērtību aptauja (The Portrait Values Questionnaire. PVQ; Schwartz, Melech, Lehmann, Burgess, & Harris, 2001), Prosociālo tendenču aptauja (Prosocial Tendencies Measure. PTM; Carlo & Randall, 2002) un adaptēta Labdarības ziedojumu aptauja (Charity Donation Questionnaire.CDQ; Bīdermane, 2019). Iegūtie rezultāti norāda, ka pastāv statistiski nozīmīgas saistības starp šiem konstruktiem. Universālisms un…

Humanistic education in the vicinty of shaping prosocial behaviour of children and youth

2013

Seabream (Sparus aurata) long-term dominant-subordinate interplay affects phagocytosis by peritoneal cavity cells.

2012

Fish are sensitive to stressful conditions that affect their innate immune systems and increase their susceptibility to diseases. We examined the social stress of paired gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Social hierarchies (dominant/subordinate) were characterised by behavioural changes, such as “aggressiveness” and “feeding order”; hierarchical positions were established within an hour of exposure to social stress and remained unchanged for approximately 1 year. To characterise physiological stress, we measured blood plasma levels of cortisol, glucose, and lactate as well as osmolarity and observed that the levels of these stress markers were higher in subordinate individuals than in domi…

Collaborative roles of Temporoparietal Junction and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Different Types of Behavioural Flexibility

2017

AbstractBehavioural flexibility is essential for everyday life. This involves shifting attention between different perspectives. Previous studies suggest that flexibility is mainly subserved by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). However, although rarely emphasized, the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) is frequently recruited during flexible behaviour. A crucial question is whether TPJ plays a role in different types of flexibility, compared to its limited role in perceptual flexibility. We hypothesized that TPJ activity during diverse flexibility tasks plays a common role in stimulus-driven attention-shifting, thereby contributing to different types of flexibility, and thus the colla…